🎯 Democratic Movements and Their Challenges

Brief Overview:

Since the early 1990s, the decade of the 2010s began with a favorable view of democracy among the French populace, but it culminated in 2019 with numerous movements of contestation or revolt in non-democratic states, particularly authoritarian regimes. The reasons behind this shift are manifold, including globalization, individualization, societal fragmentation, and a decline in partisan attachment. These movements have emerged in various locations such as France, Chile, Hong Kong, Algeria, Catalonia, Iran, etc. Despite their differences, these protests express both a demand for political democracy, defined as the collective capacity of citizens to organize and control their representatives, and a call for social democracy, emphasizing the necessity of addressing the needs of the most disadvantaged members of society. The rise in disillusionment with traditional political structures is evident through declining voter participation, increasing distrust towards parties and political figures, and a notable surge in