ACT Science Section Tips: How to Ace the Section That Tests No Science

The ACT Science section tests data interpretation, not science content knowledge. You don't need to know biology, chemistry, or physics to score well. What you need is the ability to read graphs, compare experimental results, and identify patterns in data — skills that improve with targeted practice, not content study.

This is the section students most misunderstand — and therefore leave the most points on the table. Understanding what's actually being tested changes how you prepare.

What the ACT Science Section Actually Tests

35 minutes. 40 questions. 6–7 passages.

The passages cover topics from biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science — but the questions virtually never require you to recall science facts from memory. Every answer is either:

Directly readable from a graph or table in the passage, or
Inferable from the experimental design described

The one exception: a few questions per test ask you to apply general scientific reasoning (e.g., "what would happen to the results if X condition changed?"). These require understanding of basic cause-and-effect — not memorized facts.

The 3 ACT Science Passage Types

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Type 1: Data Representation (30–40% of the section)

These passages present graphs, tables, or figures with 5 questions each. The questions ask you to:

Read a value from a graph at a specific point
Identify a trend (increases as X increases, peaks at Y, etc.)
Compare two data series

Strategy: Go directly to the question, find the relevant figure, read the answer. Don't read the passage text before looking at the question. The text is background — the figures are the answer source.

Time target: 4–5 minutes per passage.

Type 2: Research Summaries (45–55% of the section)

These are the most common passage type. They describe 2–4 experiments with results presented in figures or tables, then ask you to:

Compare experimental methods between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2
Identify the independent and dependent variables
Determine what a new condition would do to the results

Strategy:

Read the experiment descriptions briefly (30 seconds each) — just enough to understand what each experiment changed
Go to the question
Return to the specific figure or experiment description the question references

Common error: Students read all the experimental descriptions in detail before answering any questions — this wastes 3–4 minutes per passage. The question tells you which experiment to look at.

Time target: 5–6 minutes per passage.

Type 3: Conflicting Viewpoints (15–20% of the section)

One passage per test. Two (sometimes three) scientists or students present competing hypotheses to explain the same phenomenon. Questions ask you to:

Identify each scientist's position
Find where they agree and disagree
Determine which new evidence would support or undermine each view

This is the ONLY ACT Science passage type where you must read the text before answering questions.

Strategy:

Read Scientist 1's hypothesis (2–3 sentences) — write a one-word summary: "warming" or "virus" or "gravity"
Read Scientist 2's hypothesis — note the key difference from Scientist 1
Answer questions using only the text (no outside science knowledge)

Save Conflicting Viewpoints for last — it takes longer than other passage types. Do all Data Representation and Research Summary passages first.

Time target: 6–7 minutes.

Time Management: 35 Minutes for 40 Questions

52 seconds per question average — the tightest time pressure of any ACT section.

The Prioritisation Strategy

Passage Type	When to Do It	Time Budget
Data Representation	First	4–5 min each
Research Summaries	Second	5–6 min each
Conflicting Viewpoints	Last	6–7 min

Before you begin the section, flip through all passages and identify which one is Conflicting Viewpoints (it's the one with no figures — just paragraphs of text). Do it last.

The 20-Second Rule

If you can't find the answer in a figure within 20 seconds, skip the question and mark it. Come back after finishing the rest of the passage. Most students who score below 24 spend too long on individual hard questions — the easiest questions in each passage are worth the same points as the hardest ones.

What to Study to Improve Your ACT Science Score

Since ACT Science doesn't test content, don't study biology, chemistry, or physics textbooks to improve your score. Instead:

Practice 1 ACT Science passage daily (official ACT practice tests, Princeton Review Science Workbook, or Barron's ACT Science):

Time yourself: 5 minutes maximum per passage
After each passage: review every wrong answer by identifying which figure or passage text contained the answer
Track which question type you miss most: Data Representation, Research Summaries, or Conflicting Viewpoints

For Conflicting Viewpoints specifically: Practice identifying the key claim of each scientist in one sentence before looking at any questions. Speed of hypothesis identification drives score improvement on this passage type.

Common ACT Science Wrong-Answer Traps

Trap	How to Avoid
Using outside knowledge	Every answer comes from the passage — never from what you know about chemistry or biology
Reading the wrong axis	Always check both axis labels before reading a value from a graph
Confusing Experiment 1 and Experiment 2	Note which experiment used which condition before answering comparison questions
Partially correct answers	ACT Science distractors are often true but answer a slightly different question — re-read what the question asks
Skipping units	Check whether the question asks for degrees Celsius or Kelvin, mg or g, seconds or minutes

TikoNote for ACT Science Preparation

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Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to know science for the ACT Science section?

No — you need to be able to read graphs and compare experimental descriptions, not recall biology or chemistry facts. Students who score 36 on ACT Science often have no stronger science background than students who score 20 — the difference is data-reading speed and question-strategy discipline.

Why is ACT Science so hard if it doesn't test science?

The difficulty comes from time pressure and unfamiliar data formats, not content. Students have 52 seconds per question on average across 6–7 different topic areas, with graphs and tables they've never seen before. The unfamiliarity of the data (a graph about soil acidity vs. plant growth, for example) slows reading speed — which is why daily practice with unfamiliar passage topics matters more than science content review.

What is a good ACT Science score?

The national average is approximately 20–21. A score of 24 places you around the 60th percentile; 28 is around the 85th percentile; 32+ is top 5%. Most selective colleges don't weight individual section scores heavily — but a low Science score relative to your other sections can lower your composite.

How can I improve my ACT Science score fast?

The fastest improvement comes from doing one timed passage per day and reviewing every wrong answer by identifying exactly where in the passage the answer was located. Most score improvements of 3–4 points happen within 3–4 weeks of this targeted daily practice.

Should I skip Conflicting Viewpoints?

Don't skip it, but do it last. Conflicting Viewpoints takes 6–7 minutes compared to 4–5 minutes for Data Representation passages. If you do it first and it runs long, you may not finish the faster passages. Doing it last preserves your time budget for the higher-volume question types.

The Bottom Line

ACT Science is a data-reading test with a 52-second-per-question time budget. Improving your score means getting faster at finding answers in figures and tables — not studying more science.

Action step: Download a free ACT practice test at act.org. Set a 35-minute timer. Do only the Science section. Identify every wrong answer and find exactly where in the passage the correct answer was located. That exercise reveals your specific reading habits to fix.

Also read: ACT Prep Guide 2026 and How to Use Past Papers Effectively